Manufacture of tobacco pipes



May 10, 1927. c. F. SMITH 1,628,617

MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES Filed Nov. 28, 1924 12 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR May 10,1927.

c. F. SMITH MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES Filed Nov. 28. 1924 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR C. F. SMITH MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES May 10 1927. 1,628,617

Filed Ndv. 28, 1924 12 Sheets-Sheet s E i INVENTOR y 10 c. F. SMITH MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES Filed Nov. 8, 1924 12 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR 1927. May 10 c. F. SMITH MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES Filed Nov. 28, 1924 12 sheets-Sheet 5 192 May 10 7 c. F. SMITH MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES Filed Nov. 28, 1924 12 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR 1927. May 10 c. F. SMITH MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES Filed Nov. 28. 1924 12 Sheets-Sheet I INVENTOR @fiadw 5T mwh y c. F. SMITH MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES Filed Nov. 28 1924 12 h ts-Sheet 8 IIEXENTOR O $3.5M BY A o E 1927. May 10 c. F. SMITH MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES 12 Sheet-Sheet 9 Filed Nov. 28. 1924 INVENTOR B 5541M y 0 c. F. SMITH MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES I Filed Nov. 28. 1924 12 Sheets-Sheet 10 WWW MM" i 1,628,617 May 10 1927 c. F. SMITH MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES Filed Nov. 28. 1924 12 Sheets-Sheet 11 INVENTOR Q Manama! mxmm 1,628 617 May 10 1927' c. F. SMITH MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO PIPES Fild Nov. 28, 1924 12 Sheets-Sheet 12 INVENTOR mciam Patented May 10, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES F. SMITH, OF NEW YORK. N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO JOHN J. HALPIN, H. A. RICH. ERNEST BICKELL, AND GEORGE H. FREW, JR.

MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCOJIPES.

Application filed November 28, 1924. Serial No. 752,668.

One ofthe particular purposes of this invention is to provide a'practical and efficient machine for the manufacture of tohacc smoking pipes. V

For convenience of'disclosure, the invention is illustrated and described in its application to this particular field hilt it should he understood that the machine and processes of the invention are adapted to other uses as well so that the invention is not to be restricted to this one art. I

Other objects of the invention are to provide a machine of the general character mentioned. which will be substantially automatic in its operation. which will operate rapidly and economically to produce a variety of selected shapes and which for the work accomplished will be relatively simple in construction and require but slight attention.

The foregoing and other objects are attained through certain novel features of construction. combinations and relations of parts as setforth in the following specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawing; forming part of this specification, wherein: l a

Figure l is'a broken part sectional plan of the feeding in boring and ejecting end of the machine, and

Figure 1 is a similar view on a slightly smaller scale of the pattern and turning portion of the machine.

Figure 2 is a larger, broken part sectional plan of the turret. and cutter mechanisms :liowing in particular the. work holding chucks or mandrcls and the means for rotating same in respect to the cutter.

Figure 3 i; a part sectional side elevation of the turret structure. viewed in the direction of the arrow 3. Figure 2.

Figure 4. is in substance a continuation of showing the cutter and pattern.

Figure '3 mechanisms.

Figure. 5': is a View taken looking at the left hand end of Figure 4 and showing in Figure 7 is an end elevation of the machine looking in the direction of the arrow 7. Figure 1, and showing particularly the supply magazine, intermittent conveyer, hold-down and'the transfer device.

Figure 8 is a broken detail ofthe device for transferring the blocks from the conveyer onto the collet chucks on the turret, as taken on substantially the plane of line 8--8 of Figure 7.

Figures 9 and 10 are sectionalplan and side views respectively of the supply end of the conveyer showing particularly the fingers for feeding the blocks from the supply magazine onto the first step of the conveyer.

Figures 11. 12 and 13are vertical sectional views on substantially the plane of. line lll3 of Figure 7 illustrating the lifting, advancingand lowering operations of the transporting rails of the block co'nveyer.

Figure 14 is a composlte view illustrating successive po-itions of the cutter and the ar ticle being produced thereby, except for the. last view in this figure, which is a. plan of the pipe former and the follower cooperating therewith.

General operation.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated is designed for manufacturing directly from the hriar blocks; tobacco pipes of a selected. predetermined shape.

The roughly shaped pipe blocks. designated 1. stacked in a vertical magazine or hopper 2 at the left hand corner of the machine in Figure 1 and 7. are fed out one at a time onto an intermittently operating (.Ollveyer at 3. which carries them first to a. boring station at 4 and after four more. steps. to a transfer station at 5. where. a pusher (I shifts thehored block laterally over onto a horizontally alined mandrel or internal col let chuck 7 which is thereupon expanded to grip the Work.

Four of the collet chucks are shown, mounted on a table or turret-'8 which is in termittently turned a quarter revolution to carry the work first to an idle station at 9. then to the cutter station at 10 and finally tothe discharge station at 11.

The cutter 12 is carried by a shaft 13 mounted in a rotating head 14 so'that in addition to rotation about its own axis, the cutter has a bodily or orbitally rotary movement which carries it completely about the work on the arbor.

The orbit or path traversed by the cutter is controlled by a former or pattern 15, Figures 1, 4 and 6, supported at the'oppositc' end of the cutter head in a position corresponding generallv to the position of the work and engaged by a follower or tracer, shown in the form of a tracing wheel16 mounted in the rotating head and arranged to shift the cutter to different radial distances in the cutter head in accordance with its travel about the pattern.

The cutter is advanced to meet the work as it arrives at the cutter station and in addition to this relative motion of cutter and work, the work is turned bodily to present different angular sections of the same to the cutter by rotating the vertical spindles 17 which carry the chucks. The pattern is also mounted to swing about a vertical axis 18 and for the time is connected by rock arm 19 and slide link 20 with a rock arm 21 on the chuck spindle so that the turning movement of the chuck will correspond with the turning movement of the pattern.

When the cut is completed, the tracer is automatically lifted off the pattern and this tripping of the tracer is effective to lift the cutter off the completed work 22. After the cutter head is retracted clear of the work and the pattern and chuck are turned back to their first position. the turret makes a quarter turn, carrying the work to the, discharge station 11 where an ejector 23 is brought into action to push the completed article off the chuck.

B lock feed.

The intermittent conveyer by which the pipe blocks 1 are fed from the foot of the magazine 2 past the drill and to the turret, comprises in the present disclosure :1 horizontally extending rest or rail 24 having equally spaced seats 25 for supporting the blocks, flanked by movable rails 26, Figures 1, 7 and 9 to 13, having block'carriers 27. spaced to pass down between the seats 25 and recessed as indicated at 28 to form pockets shaped to receive a pipe block laid on its side. These pocket rails are coupled together at the ends at 29 so as to move in unison and are lifted as in Figure 11 to first raise the blocksoff the seats 25, then advanced horizontally to carry the blocks forward a distance equal to the spacing between the seats, the slots 30 at the inner sides of the rails enabling them to clear the seats 25 in this elevated position, then lowered as in Figure 12 to deposit the blocks on the advanced seats, this lowering motion continuing as in Figure 13 until the tops of the pockets are beneath'block supporting heads or seats 25, whereupon. the rails in this lowered relation are returned to the starting 'point.

The up and down movement of the pocket members is effected by bellcranks 31, 32 connected in parallelism by link 33. Figure 7, and having a lifting engagement at 34 with a carriage 35 longitudinally slotted at 36 for the sliding bearings 37 projecting from the sides of such members. These bellcranks are oscillated froin a cam 38 on the cam shaft 49, Figure 8, engaged by the roll on a cam lever 39 connected by link 40 with an extra arm 41 on bellcrank 31.

The horizontal advancing'and retracting movements of the conveycr pockets are obtained from a gear sector 50. having a wide face to cooperate with a rack 51 in both the raised and the lowered positions of the pockets, said rack projecting from the side of one of the pocket rails 26. through a slot 52 in the supporting carriage 35. The gear segment 50 is mounted on the upper end of a shaft 53 which carries at its lower end a cam lever 54, cooperating with a periphery cam 55 on cam shaft 49.

The cams 38 and 55 and connections described are so designed and timed as to cause the pocket rails 26 to first lift the blocks seat, then lower as. in Figures 12, 13. to leave the blocks deposited'on the advanced seats and then return for a fresh feedingoperation.

-As the pocket members 26 rise to lift the blocks off their seats 25, the pocket formed by the feed fingers 56, Figures 1, 9 and 10, at the left hand end of such members is brought up into position about the lowermost block stacked in the magazine so that upon the outstroke of said members this lower block is fed out-from the foot of the maga zine onto the first step or seat 25 in position to be operated upon by the drill.

The blocks are held down on the conveyer seats in the periods of rest by a head 57 shown in Figure 7 as carrying a relatively heavy spring pressed plunger 58 for holding the blockat the boring station and a series of lighter spring pressed plungers 59 for holding the blocks on the other conveyer seats. This hold-down head is carried by a vertically reciprocating shaft 60 actuated by a cam lever 61 from cam 62 on the cam shaft.

Asshown in Figure 1. the last stage of the conveyer is directly opposite the rest posi- 1 Boring.

The boring and facing of the pipe blocks at the first conveyer station 4 are accomplished by a suitable drill (38, Figure 1, car ried by a cutter head 69 on shaft 70 jour-' naled in a carriage 71 mounted to slide in a guideway 72 at right angles to the conveyer and actuated by a link 73. Figures 3 and 4. connected with a lever 74 which is rocked by a cam 75 onshaft 4.).

This drill and facing cutter are timed to advance and bore the first block fed out from the foot of the magazine after the hold-d0wn Figure 7. has clamped the block down on the first conveyer seat and is retracted before the hold-down .rcleases its grip on the block.

It will be noted in Figure 1 that the drill and facing cutter and its carriage are disposed in back of the conveyer substantially opposite the idle station of the 'tuiret so as to be out of the way and to add no buik to the machine.

Expanding c/z uc'Z-a.

As shown particularly in Figures 1 and 3, the work holding chucks are each in the form of a tubular split spring collet 7 of a size to lit the bore of the pipe block and adapted to be expanded into holding engagement with the walls of such bore by an internal cone 7t; havin g a rack stem 77 engaged by a pinion 78 on a vertical shaft 71).

The collet is mounted in a bracket or intermediate ott'ret poition 84) of the supporting spindle and the pinion shaft is journaled on the back of this bracket and provided at its upper end with a bevel pinion 81 engaged by a coriesponding pinion 82 on a horizontal rock shaft 83 also carried by the spindle and provided with an arm 84 engaged by jaws 8.3. These jaws we carried by a shaft 85 which is of tubular form so as to serve as a bearing for the upper end of the chuck .p udle 17 and is slidingly mounted in a bearing arm 86 at the upper end of the turret so that it can be raised and lowered by a fork 87 carried by a slide rod 88. This rod is guided for vertical movement in suitable bearings 89 at thetop and bottom of the turret and carries at its lower end an inwardly projecting roll 90 for engagement in a stationary cam track 91 surrounding the lower hub of the turret and an outwardly projecting roll 92 for engagement in a groove 93 in the head of a chuck closing plunger tHQFigure 3. located at the charging station and actuated by an arm 95 on rocker shaft 96, which latter is provided with an arm UT engaged with cam 98 on shaft 49.

\Vhen the pipe block at the end of the conveyor is shifted by the slide 6 into engagement over the collet, the collet is in contracted condition and while the block is still held by the feed slide, it is expanded by a downstroke of the plunger 94 which by its engagement with roll 92 pulls down rod 88 and that rod by shifting downward the jaws rocks the shaft 83 which through bevel gearin 8:2, 81, turns shaft 79 to thrust out the cone and thus expand the collet.

A drop 99 in the cam track 91 provides clearance for the inner roll 90 in this chuck expanding movement and the cam track continues in this lowered plane clea'r around past the cutter station so as to retain the roll 90 in thi lowered relation and thus hold the chuck expanded in gripping engagement with the work until after the cutting operation has been performed. A rise 100 in the cam track. starting at a" point past the cutter station. the direction of turret rotation considered. by engagement with the roll 90 serves to lift the chuck control rod 88 and thus retract the cone and permit the chuck to reach its contracted relation at about the time the discharging stat on is reached. This elevated or chuck releasing portion of the cain' is shown as extended from the discharge station substantially to the charging station so that after the work is discharged from the chuck, the chuck remains collapsed up to the time the control passes again to the chuck expanding plunger 94.

Stripper mechanism.

After the chucks are collapsed as last described. the work is automatically stripped oti' at the discharge station 11 by the stripper plate; 2; Figures 1 and 3. surrounding the base portions of the chucks and mounted on slides lttl engaged by levers 10:2 on rock shafts lt il mounted on the spindle brackets tit) and having arms lti-t carrying rollers which pass into a groove n a head 10.3 at the discharge station. Figures 1 and 3. on the upper end of a pull rod ltiti. connected by a link 107 to an arm 108 on shaft 109 carrying an arm lltl cooperating with cam 111 on shaft 49. Figure 7.

Thus in the rotation of the turret. as the chucks travel from the cutter to the dis charge station. the rolls on the ends of arms 104 pass into the groove in the head 105. which head is then lowered by pull rod 106. which downward pu'l is converted by lever 102 into an outward pu h of the ejector to positively force the turned article (iii the chuck. which article may be caught in or guided to a suitable receptacle.

Turret.

The turret is shown as consisting essentially of a central hub 11".. carrying upper and lower heads 113, 114, mounting the chuck parts described, said hub being fixed on an upright shaft 115 journaled in the framing 116.

The intermittent rotary movements by which the chucks are carried from station to station, are effected by Geneva gearing comprising a slotted star wheel 117 on the lower end of the turret shaft engaged and operated by a pin wheel 118 turned by bevel gearing 119 from the continuously rotating cam shaft 49.

Cutter.

The cutter 12 is illustrated herein, Figures 1, 2, 4 and 5 as made up of a series of interchangeable teeth or blades mechanically locked in position in head 120, This is particularly desirable in manufacture of tobacco smoking pipes because the blocks of briar root frequenhy contain small stones or bits of rock wh ch dull the cutter. The interchangeability of the blades makes it a simple matter to quickly substitute one or any number of fresh blades.

The cutter shaft 13 is journaled in arms 121 projecting from a rock shaft 122 which in turn is journa'led in bearings 123 in the rotary cutter head 14.

The rock shaft 122 is turned to swing the cutter toward or away from the axis of the cutter head by an arm 124 on the outer end of the shaft carrying a pin engaged in a fork in the end of the arm 126 on a central rock shaft 127. which is under control of the pattern mechanism.

Continuous rotation of the cutter, irrespective of its radial adjustment is provided by a belt 128 running over a pulley 129 on the cutter shaft and extending about the idler pulleys 130, 131, 132 and over the central pulley 133. fast to a pulley 134 driven by a belt 135. The idlers 130 and 132 are shown as journaled in the cutter head on fixed centers and the idler 131 as journaled in an arm 133 pivoted torswing about the center of pulley 132 and ,acted on by a spring pressed plunger 134' so as to serve as a belt tightener. This construction, it will be seen, provides a continuous drive of the cutter independently or irrespective of the rotation of the cutter head and irrespective of the adjustment of the cutter toward and away from the axis of the cutter head.

The cutter head, as will be seen particularly in Figures 1 and 4, is made in two parts, a forward section 14 carrying the cutter. and a re rward section 14 carrying the tracer, said sections being rotatably mounted in bearings 136 on the carriage 17 and driven synchronously by gears 137, 138 on shaft 139 in mesh with gears 140, 141 on the head sections 14 and 14 respectively.

The head gears 140, 141 are shown as of suflicient width to allow for the advancing andretracting movements of the cutter earriage 17', which movement is effected from a cam 142 on shaft 49 actuating a lever 143 on rock shaft 144, which latter carries a gear segment 145 meshing with a rack 146 on the under side of the carriage. I

The parts just described are timed so that. the carriage will be advanced to bring the cutter into operative relation with respect to the work as soon as the turret has brought the chuck into position in front of the cutter and so that after the cutter has completed its turning operation, it will be withdrawn out of the way while the turret carries the chuck around to the discharge station.

Pattern, mechanism.

The tracing wheel 16 is mounted in a manner simular to the cutter, being carried by an arm 147 on a rock shaft 148 journaled in the head portion 14*, which rock shaft is provided with an arm 149 carrying a pin 150 engaged with a forked arm 151 on the end of the central control shaft 127, Figure 6. It. follows from this that the outward and inward movements of the tracer in its travel about the pattern will rock the central shaft 127 to a proportionate extent and as this shaft is similarly connected at the other end with the cutter rock shaft, the cutter will be shifted in direct correspondence with the movements of the tracer.

The pattern 15 is adjustably and removably secured in a clamp 152 carried by the upper end of the pattern shaft 18. Eatterns for different styles of pipes or other articles may thus be readily interchanged.

The slide bar 20 which interconnects the rock arms 19 and 21 on the pattern shaft and chuck spindles respectively is actuated by a gear segment 153. Figure 4, engaged with a rack 154 adjustably attached to the slide, said segment being fixed on a transverse shaft 155 which is actuated from the cam 156 by a cam arm 157.

At the charging and discharging stations of the turret, or turn table, the chucks are faced outward, Figures 1 and 2, to enable the blocks being positioned thereover and the finished articles being ejected therefrom by a straight-line substantially radial movement. The chucks are turned, however. before they reach the cutter station so that the cutter will commence operations upon the stem portion of the block substantially as indicated in Figure-2.

This turning movement is effected by causing the rolls 158 on the chuck arms 21 to travel in a stationary cam groove 159 beneath the turret having a substantially concentric portion at the charging and discharging stations which approaches the center toward the cutter station so as to swing the chucks sufficiently to bring the stem portions of the blocks directly opposite the cutter by the time the chucks reach the cutter station.

At the cutter station the cam track is interrupted and this break in the cam is bridged by a cam track segment 159 in the forward end of the slide 20 into which the rollers 158 pass as the chucksreach this station. Consequently at the cutter station, the turningof the chucks passes into the control of the pattern slide 20 and the chucks thereiipon turn in accordance with the turning ofthe pattern, as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 2. \Vhen the cut is completed, the slide returns the chuck to the position in which it was received and with the turning of the turret the roll 158 passes on into the stationary cam track 159 which, as it returns to the concentric or circular portion swings the chuck about to its first position so that by the time it reaches the dis charge station, it is again faced outwardly, ready for the ejector to force the article radially outward off the chuck.

The mounting of the chuck on an ofi'set portion of the chuck spindle substantiall centralizes that part of the block whic forms the pipe bowl over the axis of the spindle, thus reducing the work of the cutter by enabling it to traverse a more nearly circular path, startin with the stem and working up completely about the bowl, as indicated in the diagrammatic View, Figure 14. The last figure in this view is an illustration of the pattern and shows how the ends of the pattern may be built out, as at 160, to provide a guide surface for the tracing wheel where the cutter is engaging the bowl onl for a portion of a circumference, as it is in the last three figures preceding this view of the pattern.

Automatic trip.

After the cutter has completed its operation, it is automatically lifted from the work by means of a cone 161 sleeved on the central control shaft 127, Figures 1 and 4,

and shifted by a fork 162 into position to engage a roll 163 carried by an arm 164 on the inner end of the tracer supporting shaft 148. The cone shifting fork is shown as operated by a lever 165 and link 166 from a lever 167 connected with an arm 168 cooperating with cam 169 on shaft 49.

The cam 169 is timed to advance the cone 161 into engagement with roll 163 and thus swing the tracer clear of the pattern when the cut is completed and this lifting movement of the tracer is transferred to the cutter through the central control shaft 127 and the connections at opposite ends of the same with the tracer and cutter supporting shafts respectively.

Dm're gearing.

In the machine illustrated the poweris applied to a pulley 170 on shaft 171 and this Shaft through bevel gearing 172 drives a transverse shaft 173 carrying a worm 174, Figures 1" and 4, in engagement witha worm gear 175 on the end of the cam shaft 49.

The shaft 139 which carries the gears 137, 138 for driving the cutter head gears is operated from the main drive shaft 171 through bevel gearing 176 and an upright shaft.177 which carries a gear 178 in mesh with pinion 179 on shaft 180 carrying a gear 181 in mesh with gear 182 on a vertlcal shaft carrying a bevel gear 183 in mesh with a 'plevel gear 184 on shaft 139, Figures 1" an 5.

The starting and stopping of the machine is etfected in theillustration by a hand lever 185 at one side of the machine connected by a link 186 with lever 187 which directly operates a clutch 188 on'the main power shaft. By this means the machine is under instant control at all times. Under normal conditions, however, the machine requires no special attention other than to see that the magazine is kept properly supplied with pipe blocks. So long as this supply is maintained. the machine operates automatically, turning out the completed pipes with reater rapidity and precision than attained y any of the methods heretofore in use. It will be obvious that by minor changes in the matter of patterns, etc., many different forms may be produced, including other articles than smoking pipes.

vThe accuracy of the machine is largely made possible by the fact that at the time the bores are made, the blocks are also faced to provide a shoulder which engages a positionin shoulder on the supporting chuck. This eature is shown particularly in Fig ure 1 where the facing cutter is indicated at 190 and is shown as rotating with the boring largely so as to countersink the block slightly about the bore and thereby provide a recessed face 191 which forms the rim of the faced pipe bowl. When the block is shifted onto the collet, this shoulder 191 engages a positioning shoulder 192 at the base of the chuck so that each block occupies a definite position on the chuck and the accuracy of the subsequent turning o erations is therefore insured. Figure 14 s ows how in the turning operations the cut is completed to the edge of this finished face so that when the pipe leaves the machine, it is a completely finished product.

What is claimed is:

1. In a machine of the character disclosed, a rotary head, a shaft carried by said head, rock arms on the opposite ends of said shaft,

a cutter journaled in one of said arms. a

dles,

for turning the pattern about an axis substantially transverse to the direction of axial travel to present different portions of the same to the tracer and connections from said pattern for simultaneously and correspondingly turning the work holder.

2. In a machine of the character disclosed, a turret, spindles rotatably mounted on said turret, yokes carried by said spinmandrels carried by said yokes and arranged with their free ends projecting radially inwardly toward the axes of the spindles, cam arms connected with the spindles, an interrupted cam track engaged by said cam arms, a cam track section for completing the interrupted portion of the cam track and movable to effect the turnin of the cam arms when engaged thereby and a cutter for operating on the work held by the mandrels controlled by said movable cam section.

3. In a machine of the character disclosed, a carriage slidable in a horizontal plane, a cutter head journaled for rotation about a horizontal axis on said carriage, a cutter rotating on a horizontal axis mounted at one end of said head and adjustable to different radial distances from the axis of said head, a pattern supported at the opposite end of the head, a tracer mounted on the head and arranged to control the radial positioning of the cutter, a support for the pattern rotatable on an axis substantially at right angles to the'axes of the cutter and cutter head, a rotatable work support also movable on an axis substantia ly at right angles to the axes of the cutter and cutter head and operating connections from the rotatable pattern support to the rotatable work support.

4. In a machine of the character disclosed, a turrent provided with block holding mandrels, a rotating cutter and means for carrying said rotating cutter in an orbital path about a block on a mandrel.

5. In a machine of the character disclosed, a turret provided withblock holding mandrels, a rotating cutter, means for carrying said rotating cutter in an orbital path about a block on a mandrel and means for turning the mandrel holding the block which is being operated on by the cutter about an axis substantially at right angles to that of the orbital path of the cutter.

6. In a machine of the character disclosed, a traveling mandrel. a rotating cutter, means for carrying said rotating cutter in an orbital path about a block on the mandrel and means for shifting the mandrel while the cutter is operating on the block about an axis substantially at right angles to that of the orbital path of the cutter.

7. In a machine of the character disclosed, a rotating cutter, means for traversin said rotating cutter in a predetermined orbit, means for supporting the work in position to be operated upon by said orbital cutter and means for turning the work support during the operation of said cutter on an axis substantially at right angles to that of the cutter.

8. In a machine of the character disclosed, a rotating cutter, means for travers in said rotating cutter in a predetermined or it, means for supporting the work in position to be operated upon by said orbital cutter, means for turning the work support during the operation of said cutter on an axis substantially at right angles to that of the cutter and means for automatically carrying the work support up into and out of the field of operation of the cutter.

9. In a machine of the character disclosed, a cutter rotating on a horizontal axis, means for carrying said cutter in an orbital path, a vertical spindle, a horizontally disposed \vork holding mandrel carried by said spindle and means for turning the spindle in respect to the cutter.

10. In a machine of the character disclosed, a cutter rotating on a horizontal axis, means for carrying said cutter in an orbital path. a vertical spindle, a horizontally disposed \vork holding mandrel carried by said spindle, means for turning the spindle in respect to the cutter, a support for the spindle and means for shifting said support to carry the spindle into and out of' the operating field of the cutter.

11. In combination, a work carrying spindle, cam means for effecting turning movement of said spindle, means for swinging the spindle through a predetermined are independently of the cam means, a cutter for operating on the work carried by the spindle during such swinging move ment and means for traversing the cutter in an orbital path about the work.

19.. In combination. a work carrying spindle, cam means for effecting turning movement of' said spindle, means for swinging the spindle through a predetermined are independently of the cam means and a cutter for operating on the work carried by the. spindle during such swinging movement, said cutter having means for traversing the same in an orbit substantially parallel to the axis of the spindle.

13. In combination, a cutter rotating on a substantially horizontal axis, means for carrying said cutter through asubstantially vertical orbit and a substantially horizontal mandrel mounted for movement about a substantially vertical axis.

14. In combination, a cutter rotating on a substantially horizontal axis, means for carrying said cutter through a substantially vertical orbit, a substantially horizontal mandrel mounted for movement about a fill substantially vertical axis and means for turning said chuck about the substantially vertical axis during the orbital travel of the cutter.

15, In combination, a cutter rotating on a substantially horizontal axis, means for carrying raid cutter through a substantially vertical orbit, a substantially horizontal mandrel mounted for movement abouta substantially vertical axis and mean for turning said chuck. about the substantially vertical axis during the orbital travel of the cutter, including a pattern mounted for movement about a substantially vertical axis, an operating connection from said pattern to the mandrel mechanism and a tracer engaging; said .uittern to control the orbital movement of the cutter.

us. In combination, a rotary turret, spindles journaled in said turret provided with cum arms at their lower ends, a cam traclr engageable by said armf: to effect turning movement of the spindles in the rotation of the turret, mandrels carried by said spindles, mandrel contracting and expanding rods carried by the turret, a cum engage able by said rods for effecting operation of the mandrels during rotation of the turret and supplemental means for ell'ecting operntion ot-tlie cam arms and rods independentl of said cams.

, ii. In combination, a turret rotating on a vertical axis, vertical spindles mounted on said turret, horizontally extending, expandin; collets carried by said spindles, cam mechanism for cilecting expansion and con traction of said collets' and can] mechanism for effecting turning movement of the spindles,

18, In combination, a turret rotating on a vertical axis, vertical spindles mounted on said turret, horizontally extending, ex-

panding, (toilets carried by said spindles,

cam mechaniim for ellecting expansion and contraction of said collets, cam mechanism 'lor effecting turning movement of the spindies, ejccicrs ci'ioperating with the collets and means for actuating said ejector-s.

Hi. In combination, a rotary turret, spindies journaled on said turret and provided with portions ()llf-ftl laterally from the axes of the spindles, worlc holders carried by said offset portions of the spindles and -arranged with their free ends projecting radially inwardly toward the axes otthe spindlcr: and means for turning said spindles and for operating the work holders to release and to take hold of the work in the mouse of rotationof the turret 1 20, In a machine of the character disclosed, a substantially horizontal work holder rotatable about a vertical axis, a cut ter rotating); about a substantially horizontal axis and traversing a substantially vertical orbit and means for effecting relative travel of the work holder and cutter axially of the cutter,

21. In a machine of the character disclosed, a substantially horizontal work holding mandrel rotatable about a vertical axis, a cutter rotatin about a substantially horizontal axis ant traversing a substantially vertical orbit and means for effecting a cooperative relation of the mandrel and cutter, including means for turning the mandrel on its vertical axis and for horizontally up proaching the mandrel and cutter while the mandrel is turning on its vertical axis and the cutter is traversing its vertical orbit.

22; In a machine of the character disclosed, a. horizontally disposed work holding arbor pivoted to swing about a vertical axis, a cutter rotating on a horizontal axis and arranged to traverse a vertical orbit and means for effecting a turning of the arbor on its vertical axis while the cutter is traversing the vertical orbit,

l 23. In combination, a work holding arbor adapted to enter a recess in the work,-n|eans for rotating a cutter about the work While so held upon the arbor and means for relatively axially moving the cutter and arbor one with reference to the other,

24. In combination, a work holding arbor adaptd to enter a recess in the work, means for rotating a cutter about the work while so held upon the arbor, means for relativel axially moving the cutter and arbor one wit 1 reference to the other, and means for turning the arbor while the cutter is operating on the block at an angle to the axis of the cutter,

25. A, machine of the class disclosed comprising, an arbor to enter a recess in the work, a cutter and means for bodily rotating said cutter about the work while thus held upon the arbor.

2?. A machine of the class disclosed comprising, an arbor to enter a recess in the work, a cutter and means for bodily rotating' said cutter about the work while thus held upon the arbor, including a pattern and a tracer controllably connected with the cutter 27. A machine of the class disclosed comprising, an arbor to enter a recess in the work, a cutter, means for bodily rotating said cutter about the work while thus held upon the arbor, including a pattern and a tracer controllably connected with the cutter and means for simultaneously turning the pattern and arbor each at an angle to the axis of the cutter to present different cross sectional Portions of the pattern and the work tc t 1e tracer and cutter res iectively.

28. A machine of the class disclosed comprising, an arbor to enter a recess in the work, a cutter, means for bodily rotating Said cutter about the work while thus held upon the arbor, including a pattern and a l ii hit

tracer controllably connected with the cutter, means for simultaneously turning the pattern and arbor each at an angle to the axis of the cutter to present different cross sectional portions of the pattern and the work to the tracer and cutter respectively and means for effecting a relatively longitudinal travel of the tracer and cutter in respect to the pattern and the block.

29. The process of manufacturing tobacco smoking pipes which comprises engaging a block over a mandrel, carrying the mandrel to a cutter, rotating the cutter bodily about the block and turning the mandrel about a transverse axis to present different portions of the block to the traveling cutter.

30. The process of manufacturing articles of special shape which comprises, engaging a b ock over a mandrel and turning said mandrel on a. substantially vertical axis while bodily rotating a cutter about the block in asubstantially vertical orbit.

31. In a machine of the character disclosed, an internal block supporting mandrel, means for shifting blocks into supported engagement over said mandrel, means. for rotating the mandrel in one direction, a cutter and means for operating said tter about the mandrel in a different direction while the mandrel is being turned to resent different cross sectional portions of the block to the cutter.

32. In a machine of the character disclosed, a work holder having means for holding the work on one axis, a cutter, means for traversing said cutter in an orbit about said axis of the Work holder, means for concurrently effecting relative approaching movement of the cutter and work holder and means for turning the work holder substantially at right angles to the work holding axis thereof during operation of the cutter.

33. In a machine of the character disclosed, a work holder having means for holding the work on one axis, a cutter, means for traversing said cutter in an orbit about said axis of the work holder, means for concurrently effecting relative approaching movement of the cutter and work holder and means for turning the work holder substantially at right angles to the work holding axis thereof during operation of the cutter, the action of the cutter being controlled by a pattern turning in conformity with said work holder and a tracer engaging said pattern and having a positioning connection with the cutter.

34. In a machine of the character disclosed, a movable support, a spindle rotatably mounted on said support and having a laterally offset portion, a work holder carried by said laterally offset portion and extending radially inwardly toward the axis of the spindle, means for turning said spindle and a cutter mounted to travel about the work on said holder during such turning movement.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 28th day of October, 1924.

CHARLES F. SMITH. 

